The Cognition and Neuroergonomics (CaN) Collaborative Technology Alliance (CTA) was the US Army’s flagship basic science research and technology transition program in the neurosciences from 2010 to 2020. Over the past few decades, progress in the neurosciences has greatly advanced our knowledge of how brain function underlies behavior, providing the modern foundations for understanding how we sense, perceive, and interact with the world. These understandings have provided and continue to provide revolutionary advances, fostering technological solutions to address Army needs.