Army researchers gain insights on material-converting fungi

By U.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory Public AffairsJune 9, 2021

Army journeyman fellow Meaghan Adler (right) explains a technique used in the laboratory that employs sound waves to “lyse” or break open cells to Dr. Steven James. This is the first step to purifying DNA or proteins inside. Fungal cells are particularly challenging to lyse compared with other microbes.
Army journeyman fellow Meaghan Adler (right) explains a technique used in the laboratory that employs sound waves to “lyse” or break open cells to Dr. Steven James. This is the first step to purifying DNA or proteins inside. Fungal cells are particularly challenging to lyse compared with other microbes. (Photo Credit: Neil Adams) VIEW ORIGINAL

ADELPHI, Md. — Army science and technology aims to deliver a way to use gene editing to convert waste materials into something useful.

As part of an educational partnership with Gettysburg College, researchers with the U.S. Combat Capabilities Development Command, known as DEVCOM, Army Research Laboratory are now a step closer to engineering filamentous fungi, organisms similar to the fuzzy mold that grows on bread, to grow useful materials, chemicals, or nutritious foods starting from indigenous plants or even plastic trash as inputs.

The team trained for nearly a week with Dr. Steven James, an Associate Professor in Gettysburg College’s Biology Department, for highly-specialized instruction to better understand how to edit the DNA of these organisms.

“[DEVCOM] ARL is expanding our biotechnology and biosciences research portfolio to explore enabling sciences that lead to a number of warfighter resources from food to fuel and medicine to materials,” said Dr. Matthew Servinsky, a research biologist at the Army laboratory. “ARL is interested in producing chemicals, fuels, foods, and even building materials with fungi. Every piece of materiel that soldiers can make for themselves in the field is one less item the Army needs to transport to them. The logistics of supplying our troops are very challenging in many locations.”

Dr. Jose Wippold holds a microfluidic device for generating and mixing droplets to serve as miniature chambers for individual cells.
Dr. Jose Wippold holds a microfluidic device for generating and mixing droplets to serve as miniature chambers for individual cells. (Photo Credit: Neil Adams) VIEW ORIGINAL

This work is part of the laboratory’s Transformational Synthetic Biology for Military Environments essential research program, which supports the Army’s Synthetic Biology Priority Research Area. Synthetic Biology is an emerging field that applies engineering approach to biological systems.

“ARL’s partnership with Dr. James has allowed our fungal biotechnology team to rapidly master lab techniques specific to fungi, especially how to prepare them to take up the DNA molecules we custom design and assemble,” said Dr. Alex Tobias, a chemical engineer on the team at ARL. “This is how we edit the genomes of the fungi in order to endow them with new capabilities to convert a wider range of substrates into products of value to the Army.”

When it comes to experimental techniques, Tobias said there’s no substitute for in-person learning from an expert.

“You can read all the literature there is on a subject, but basic questions will remain unanswered until a teacher can point out exactly what you should be looking for on a plate, in a test tube, or under the microscope,” he said.

Army  bioengineer Dr. Jose Wippold (right) explains the function of a microfluidic device he designed and fabricated to Dr. Steven James.
Army bioengineer Dr. Jose Wippold (right) explains the function of a microfluidic device he designed and fabricated to Dr. Steven James. (Photo Credit: Neil Adams) VIEW ORIGINAL

ARL bioengineer Dr. Jose Wippold, an expert in microfluidics, or miniaturized systems for performing measurements or manipulations on individual cells, also participated in James’ visit.

“The potential for applying microfluidics to fungal cells offers an exciting avenue of discovery to advance the field of fungal genetic engineering,” Wippold said.

The Army established an Educational Partnership Agreement with Gettysburg College in 2020 to facilitate collaboration between the two organizations. The team received feedback from James that he has also substantially benefited from the relationship.

Army journeyman fellow Meaghan Adler loads some fungus into a micro-test tube for subsequent lysis (breaking cells open to release their contents) using sound waves.
Army journeyman fellow Meaghan Adler loads some fungus into a micro-test tube for subsequent lysis (breaking cells open to release their contents) using sound waves. (Photo Credit: Neil Adams) VIEW ORIGINAL

Dr. Rebecca Renberg an ARL contractor, recently sequenced the genomes of four mutant fungal strains generated in James’ laboratory with defects in their ability to divide. This will allow James to identify additional genes involved in cell division in fungi and possibly in higher organisms as well.

The lab leverages strategic partnerships to enable the sharing of information, resources, personnel and expertise to affect an increased interest in and enhancement of STEM education, research and workforce development.

The other members of the laboratory team who trained and collaborated with James during the visit are biologist Dr. Randi Pullen and ORAU journeyman fellow Meaghan Adler, a recent graduate of Gettysburg College.

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As the Army’s national research laboratory, ARL is operationalizing science to achieve transformational overmatch. Through collaboration across the command’s core technical competencies, DEVCOM leads in the discovery, development and delivery of the technology-based capabilities required to make Soldiers more successful at winning the nation’s wars and come home safely. DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory is an element of the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command. DEVCOM is a major subordinate command of the Army Futures Command.

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